fix(attendance): preserve frozen attendance boundaries

docs/tests/integration/attendance-frozen-leave-concurrency.md

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+# Test Evidence: Frozen leave dates and concurrent punch outcomes
+
+- **Test type:** Integration
+- **Requirement IDs:** `ATT-005`, `ATT-006`, `ATT-007`, `ATT-008`, `ATT-010`, `LEV-003`, `LEV-011`
+- **Scenario IDs:** `AC-ATT-003`, `AC-ATT-004`, `AC-LEV-001`, `AC-LEV-005`
+- **Test class/method:** `com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.service.AttendancePersistenceIntegrationTest#approvedLeaveBlocksOnlyItsFrozenAllocatedDates`, `com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.service.AttendanceConcurrencyIntegrationTest#concurrentDuplicatePunchesReturnStableDomainOutcomes`
+- **Implementation commit:** `pending`
+
+## Protected behavior
+
+Approved leave blocks check-in only on exact immutable `leave_request_days`, not
+every calendar date inside the request range. Concurrent duplicate punches return
+stable attendance rejection codes while preserving a single raw check-in and checkout.
+
+## Test method
+
+Spring Boot migrates PostgreSQL 18.4, creates an active Intern only through public
+Account and SMTP services, and persists an Attendance-owned approved leave request
+plus one frozen allocation through JPA. A separate non-transactional test releases
+two threads simultaneously against each transactional punch endpoint.
+
+## Hand-derived expected result
+
+For an approved 14–17 August range with only 17 August allocated, check-in on
+14 August succeeds and 17 August returns `APPROVED_LEAVE`. Two simultaneous
+check-ins produce one success and one `ALREADY_CHECKED_IN`; two simultaneous
+checkouts produce one success and one `ALREADY_CHECKED_OUT`.
+
+## RED
+
+**Command**
+
+```text
+export JAVA_HOME=/opt/homebrew/opt/openjdk@25
+export PATH="$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH"
+export DOCKER_HOST=unix:///Users/sechmachine/.orbstack/run/docker.sock
+./mvnw -Dtest=AttendancePersistenceIntegrationTest#approvedLeaveBlocksOnlyItsFrozenAllocatedDates test
+```
+
+**Observed result**
+
+```text
+AttendanceException: APPROVED_LEAVE at AttendanceApplicationService.checkIn for
+the unallocated 2026-08-14 range date.
+Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Skipped: 0
+BUILD FAILURE
+Process exited 1 because the query used the whole leave request range.
+```
+
+The repository-exception unit regressions separately failed because raw
+`DataIntegrityViolationException` and `ObjectOptimisticLockingFailureException`
+escaped the application boundary.
+
+## GREEN
+
+**Command**
+
+```text
+export JAVA_HOME=/opt/homebrew/opt/openjdk@25
+export PATH="$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH"
+export DOCKER_HOST=unix:///Users/sechmachine/.orbstack/run/docker.sock
+./mvnw -Dtest=AttendanceConcurrencyIntegrationTest test
+./mvnw -Dtest=AttendancePersistenceIntegrationTest#approvedLeaveBlocksOnlyItsFrozenAllocatedDates test
+```
+
+**Observed result**
+
+```text
+AttendanceConcurrencyIntegrationTest: Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
+PostgreSQL reported SQLSTATE 23505 on uq_attendance_records_intern_date; the caller
+received ALREADY_CHECKED_IN. The checkout race returned ALREADY_CHECKED_OUT.
+AttendancePersistenceIntegrationTest focused allocation test: Tests run: 1,
+Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0.
+BUILD SUCCESS
+Process exited 0.
+```
+
+## Affected suite
+
+**Command and result**
+
+```text
+export JAVA_HOME=/opt/homebrew/opt/openjdk@25
+export PATH="$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH"
+export DOCKER_HOST=unix:///Users/sechmachine/.orbstack/run/docker.sock
+./mvnw -Dtest='*Attendance*Test' test
+Tests run: 32, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
+BUILD SUCCESS
+Process exited 0.
+```
+
+## External-test boundaries
+
+The tests do not implement the later leave workflow or account terminal-state
+transitions. They prove the current read/query boundary, exact PostgreSQL 18.4
+allocation semantics, and duplicate-punch conflict translation.

docs/tests/integration/attendance-persistence.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 - **Requirement IDs:** `ATT-002`, `ATT-005`, `ATT-007`, `ATT-008`, `ATT-010`, `CAL-001`, `CAL-006`, `CAL-007`, `CAL-009`, `AUTH-003`, `RPT-004`
 - **Scenario IDs:** `AC-ATT-003`, `AC-ATT-004`, `AC-CAL-003`, `AC-CAL-004`
 - **Test class/method:** `com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.service.AttendancePersistenceIntegrationTest`
-- **Implementation commit:** `pending (committed with this evidence)`
+- **Implementation commit:** `8b48e281f7e860af435ae35b16c4edeb139286dc`
 
 ## Protected behavior
 
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ export JAVA_HOME=/opt/homebrew/opt/openjdk@25
 export PATH="$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH"
 export DOCKER_HOST=unix:///Users/sechmachine/.orbstack/run/docker.sock
 ./mvnw -Dtest='*Attendance*Test' test
-Tests run: 26, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
+Tests run: 32, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
 BUILD SUCCESS
 Process exited 0.
 ```

docs/tests/unit/attendance-checkout-eligibility.md

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+# Test Evidence: Checkout eligibility and stable conflict outcomes
+
+- **Test type:** Unit
+- **Requirement IDs:** `ATT-007`, `ATT-008`, `ATT-010`, `ATT-012`
+- **Scenario IDs:** `AC-ATT-003`, `AC-ATT-004`
+- **Test class/method:** `com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.service.AttendanceApplicationServiceTest#rejectsCheckoutWhenInternIsNoLongerEligibleForPersistedWorkDate`, `#translatesConcurrentCheckInUniqueConflictToStableDuplicateRejection`, `#translatesConcurrentCheckoutVersionConflictToStableDuplicateRejection`
+- **Implementation commit:** `pending`
+
+## Protected behavior
+
+Checkout revalidates active internship eligibility for the attendance row's
+persisted work date. A terminal Intern cannot checkout after checking in.
+Database uniqueness and optimistic-lock races are translated to stable duplicate
+punch rejection codes instead of leaking persistence exceptions.
+
+## Test method
+
+Plain JUnit and Mockito drive the production transactional application service
+with a fixed Clock, attached policy, persisted row, AccountService eligibility,
+and repository exceptions. Account state remains behind its public service API.
+
+## Hand-derived expected result
+
+False date-aware eligibility returns `INACTIVE_INTERN` before raw checkout is
+saved. A check-in uniqueness race returns `ALREADY_CHECKED_IN`; a checkout
+version race returns `ALREADY_CHECKED_OUT`.
+
+## RED
+
+**Command**
+
+```text
+export JAVA_HOME=/opt/homebrew/opt/openjdk@25
+export PATH="$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH"
+./mvnw -Dtest=AttendanceApplicationServiceTest#rejectsCheckoutWhenInternIsNoLongerEligibleForPersistedWorkDate test
+```
+
+**Observed result**
+
+```text
+Expected AttendanceException(INACTIVE_INTERN) but was NullPointerException after
+the service continued to save checkout without calling AccountService eligibility.
+Tests run: 1, Failures: 1, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
+BUILD FAILURE
+Process exited 1.
+```
+
+The conflict regressions were also observed RED in the combined focused run:
+
+```text
+DataIntegrityViolationException: concurrent unique conflict
+ObjectOptimisticLockingFailureException: optimistic locking failed
+Both escaped AttendanceApplicationService instead of stable AttendanceException values.
+```
+
+## GREEN
+
+**Command**
+
+```text
+export JAVA_HOME=/opt/homebrew/opt/openjdk@25
+export PATH="$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH"
+./mvnw -Dtest=AttendanceApplicationServiceTest test
+```
+
+**Observed result**
+
+```text
+Tests run: 5, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
+BUILD SUCCESS
+Process exited 0.
+```
+
+## Affected suite
+
+**Command and result**
+
+```text
+export JAVA_HOME=/opt/homebrew/opt/openjdk@25
+export PATH="$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH"
+export DOCKER_HOST=unix:///Users/sechmachine/.orbstack/run/docker.sock
+./mvnw -Dtest='*Attendance*Test' test
+Tests run: 32, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
+BUILD SUCCESS
+Process exited 0.
+```
+
+## External-test boundaries
+
+The account platform has no Iteration 1 terminal-state mutation API, so the
+completed/withdrawn state is represented through its public date-aware eligibility
+result. The companion PostgreSQL concurrency test proves the real unique conflict.

docs/tests/unit/attendance-current-state.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 - **Requirement IDs:** `ATT-005`, `I1-UI-03`
 - **Scenario IDs:** `I1-ATT-03`, `I1-ATT-04`
 - **Test class/method:** `com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.service.AttendanceApplicationServiceTest`
-- **Implementation commit:** `pending (committed with this evidence)`
+- **Implementation commit:** `8b48e281f7e860af435ae35b16c4edeb139286dc`
 
 ## Protected behavior
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ export JAVA_HOME=/opt/homebrew/opt/openjdk@25
 export PATH="$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH"
 export DOCKER_HOST=unix:///Users/sechmachine/.orbstack/run/docker.sock
 ./mvnw -Dtest='*Attendance*Test' test
-Tests run: 26, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
+Tests run: 32, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
 BUILD SUCCESS
 Process exited 0.
 ```

docs/tests/unit/attendance-feature-structure.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 - **Requirement IDs:** `ARC-005`, `OPS-020`
 - **Scenario IDs:** `I1-ATT-01` through `I1-ATT-05` structural gate
 - **Test class/method:** `com.lab.labtimesheet.architecture.AttendanceLayerStructureTest`
-- **Implementation commit:** `pending (committed with this evidence)`
+- **Implementation commit:** `8b48e281f7e860af435ae35b16c4edeb139286dc`
 
 ## Protected behavior
 
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ export JAVA_HOME=/opt/homebrew/opt/openjdk@25
 export PATH="$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH"
 export DOCKER_HOST=unix:///Users/sechmachine/.orbstack/run/docker.sock
 ./mvnw -Dtest='*Attendance*Test' test
-Tests run: 26, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
+Tests run: 32, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
 BUILD SUCCESS
 Process exited 0.
 ```

docs/tests/unit/attendance-policy.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 - **Requirement IDs:** `ATT-001`, `ATT-002`, `ATT-003`, `ATT-004`
 - **Scenario IDs:** `AC-ATT-001`
 - **Test class/method:** `com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.AttendancePolicyTest`
-- **Implementation commit:** `pending (committed with this evidence)`
+- **Implementation commit:** `71901d1670f633a1b594bdce3348efebe73fc175`
 
 ## Protected behavior
 
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ Process exited 0.
 
 ```text
 ./mvnw -Dtest='*Attendance*Test' test
-Tests run: 26, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
+Tests run: 32, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
 BUILD SUCCESS
 Process exited 0.
 ```

docs/tests/unit/attendance-punch-boundaries.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 - **Requirement IDs:** `GOV-011`, `GOV-012`, `ATT-005`, `ATT-007`, `ATT-008`, `ATT-009`, `ATT-010`, `ATT-011`, `ATT-012`, `ATT-016`
 - **Scenario IDs:** `AC-ATT-002`, `AC-ATT-003`, `AC-ATT-004`, `AC-ATT-005`
 - **Test class/method:** `com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.service.AttendanceServiceTest`
-- **Implementation commit:** `pending (committed with this evidence)`
+- **Implementation commit:** `71901d1670f633a1b594bdce3348efebe73fc175`
 
 ## Protected behavior
 
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ Process exited 0.
 
 ```text
 ./mvnw -Dtest='*Attendance*Test' test
-Tests run: 26, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
+Tests run: 32, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
 BUILD SUCCESS
 Process exited 0.
 ```

docs/tests/web/attendance-web.md

@@ -1,29 +1,35 @@
 # Test Evidence: Attendance and global-calendar web authorization
 
 - **Test type:** Web
-- **Requirement IDs:** `AUTH-001`, `AUTH-002`, `AUTH-003`, `ATT-007`, `ATT-010`, `CAL-001`, `CAL-007`, `RPT-004`
+- **Requirement IDs:** `AUTH-001`, `AUTH-002`, `AUTH-003`, `ATT-007`, `ATT-010`, `ATT-016`, `CAL-001`, `CAL-007`, `RPT-004`, `UI-013`
 - **Scenario IDs:** `AC-ATT-003`, `AC-ATT-004`, `AC-CAL-004`
 - **Test class/method:** `com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.controller.AttendanceControllerTest`
-- **Implementation commit:** `pending (committed with this evidence)`
+- **Implementation commit:** `8b48e281f7e860af435ae35b16c4edeb139286dc`
 
 ## Protected behavior
 
 Authenticated Intern punch routes use the server-resolved user ID, own history
 renders attached policy details, Mentor inspection routes preserve the target
 scope, and calendar management rejects non-Admin access. Calendar updates carry
-the submitted optimistic version.
+the submitted optimistic version. History renders policy-local 24-hour times,
+`dd/MM/yyyy` dates, and every simultaneous violation; `On time` appears only
+when no violation applies.
 
 ## Test method
 
 `@WebMvcTest` runs Spring Security filters, CSRF protection, MVC binding, route
 selection, controller authorization, Thymeleaf rendering, and service-call
 arguments while mocking only application-service and current-user boundaries.
+The presentation regression supplies a row that is both late and early and
+asserts the attached Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh timezone conversion.
 
 ## Hand-derived expected result
 
 An Intern authenticated as user 42 can punch only ID 42. A Mentor can inspect
 target 42 but receives HTTP 403 for Admin calendar management. Attached policy
 grace renders as `30 min`. An event form with version 3 calls update with 3.
+`2026-08-14T02:00:00.001Z` renders as local `09:00`, and a 15:00 local checkout
+on that late row renders both `Late` and `Early departure`, never `On time`.
 
 ## RED
 
@@ -46,6 +52,20 @@ export PATH="$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH"
 Process exited 1 because the required authenticated web endpoints did not exist.
 ```
 
+The review presentation regression was separately observed RED:
+
+```text
+./mvnw -Dtest=AttendanceApplicationServiceTest,AttendanceControllerTest test
+AttendanceControllerTest.historyRendersPolicyLocalDisplayValuesAndEveryViolation:
+Expected a string containing "14/08/2026" but rendered "2026-08-14";
+the same row rendered one nested-ternary result, "Early departure", and raw UTC instants.
+Tests run: 13, Failures: 3, Errors: 1, Skipped: 0
+BUILD FAILURE
+Process exited 1. The eligible behavioral failures were the missing local presentation
+values and simultaneous violation output; the checkout fixture error was corrected
+before its own focused RED and is not claimed as behavioral evidence.
+```
+
 ## GREEN
 
 **Command**
@@ -59,7 +79,7 @@ export PATH="$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH"
 **Observed result**
 
 ```text
-Tests run: 7, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
+Tests run: 8, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
 BUILD SUCCESS
 Process exited 0.
 ```
@@ -73,7 +93,7 @@ export JAVA_HOME=/opt/homebrew/opt/openjdk@25
 export PATH="$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH"
 export DOCKER_HOST=unix:///Users/sechmachine/.orbstack/run/docker.sock
 ./mvnw -Dtest='*Attendance*Test' test
-Tests run: 26, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
+Tests run: 32, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
 BUILD SUCCESS
 Process exited 0.
 ```

src/main/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/controller/AttendanceController.java

@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
 import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.RedirectAttributes;
 
+/**
+ * Server-rendered attendance routes for Intern punches and role-scoped historical inspection.
+ */
 @Controller
 @RequestMapping("/attendance")
 public class AttendanceController {
@@ -30,6 +33,15 @@ public class AttendanceController {
         this.currentUsers = currentUsers;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Renders the authenticated Intern's inclusive attendance history, defaulting to the current month.
+     *
+     * @param principal authenticated user
+     * @param from optional inclusive local start date
+     * @param to optional inclusive local end date
+     * @param model Thymeleaf model
+     * @return attendance history view name
+     */
     @GetMapping
     public String ownHistory(
             Principal principal,
@@ -40,6 +52,16 @@ public class AttendanceController {
         return history(actor, actor.userId(), from, to, model);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Renders a target Intern's history for an authenticated Mentor or Admin.
+     *
+     * @param principal authenticated inspecting user
+     * @param internId target Intern account identifier
+     * @param from optional inclusive local start date
+     * @param to optional inclusive local end date
+     * @param model Thymeleaf model
+     * @return attendance history view name
+     */
     @GetMapping("/interns/{internId}")
     public String inspectHistory(
             Principal principal,
@@ -54,6 +76,13 @@ public class AttendanceController {
         return history(actor, internId, from, to, model);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Checks in the authenticated Intern using server time and redirects with stable feedback.
+     *
+     * @param principal authenticated Intern
+     * @param redirectAttributes flash-message destination
+     * @return redirect to own attendance history
+     */
     @PostMapping("/check-in")
     public String checkIn(Principal principal, RedirectAttributes redirectAttributes) {
         AttendanceActor actor = requireIntern(currentUsers.actor(principal));
@@ -66,6 +95,13 @@ public class AttendanceController {
         return "redirect:/attendance";
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Checks out the authenticated Intern using server time and redirects with stable feedback.
+     *
+     * @param principal authenticated Intern
+     * @param redirectAttributes flash-message destination
+     * @return redirect to own attendance history
+     */
     @PostMapping("/check-out")
     public String checkOut(Principal principal, RedirectAttributes redirectAttributes) {
         AttendanceActor actor = requireIntern(currentUsers.actor(principal));

src/main/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/controller/CalendarController.java

@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@ import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
 import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.RedirectAttributes;
 
+/**
+ * Admin-only server-rendered routes for manual global calendar management.
+ */
 @Controller
 @RequestMapping("/attendance/calendar")
 public class CalendarController {
@@ -35,6 +38,13 @@ public class CalendarController {
         this.currentUsers = currentUsers;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Renders the next year of locally stored calendar events for an authenticated Admin.
+     *
+     * @param principal authenticated Admin
+     * @param model Thymeleaf model
+     * @return calendar management view name
+     */
     @GetMapping
     public String calendar(Principal principal, Model model) {
         requireAdmin(currentUsers.actor(principal));
@@ -44,6 +54,16 @@ public class CalendarController {
         return "attendance/calendar";
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Creates a custom future event using the authenticated Admin identity.
+     *
+     * @param principal authenticated Admin
+     * @param date local event date
+     * @param name non-blank display name
+     * @param dayOff authoritative day-off choice
+     * @param redirectAttributes flash-message destination
+     * @return redirect to calendar management
+     */
     @PostMapping
     public String create(
             Principal principal,
@@ -57,6 +77,18 @@ public class CalendarController {
         return "redirect:/attendance/calendar";
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Updates a future event using the submitted optimistic version and authenticated Admin identity.
+     *
+     * @param principal authenticated Admin
+     * @param eventId event identifier
+     * @param version expected optimistic version
+     * @param date replacement local date
+     * @param name replacement display name
+     * @param dayOff replacement day-off choice
+     * @param redirectAttributes flash-message destination
+     * @return redirect to calendar management
+     */
     @PostMapping("/{eventId}")
     public String update(
             Principal principal,

src/main/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/exception/AttendanceException.java

@@ -1,14 +1,28 @@
 package com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.exception;
 
+/**
+ * Signals a rejected attendance punch or state lookup with a stable domain reason.
+ */
 public final class AttendanceException extends RuntimeException {
 
+    /** Stable reason preserved for controller and service consumers. */
     private final AttendanceRejection rejection;
 
+    /**
+     * Creates an exception for the rejection that callers may safely translate to UI feedback.
+     *
+     * @param rejection stable reason for refusing the attendance operation
+     */
     public AttendanceException(AttendanceRejection rejection) {
         super(rejection.name());
         this.rejection = rejection;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns the stable rejection reason without exposing persistence failures.
+     *
+     * @return attendance rejection reason
+     */
     public AttendanceRejection rejection() {
         return rejection;
     }

src/main/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/exception/AttendanceRejection.java

@@ -1,12 +1,23 @@
 package com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.exception;
 
+/**
+ * Stable business outcomes for attendance operations, including idempotency and eligibility failures.
+ */
 public enum AttendanceRejection {
+    /** The account or internship is not active for the work date. */
     INACTIVE_INTERN,
+    /** The attached policy does not configure the date's weekday for attendance. */
     NON_WORKDAY,
+    /** The authoritative global calendar exempts the date. */
     GLOBAL_DAY_OFF,
+    /** An approved leave request has a frozen allocation for the exact date. */
     APPROVED_LEAVE,
+    /** A row already exists for the Intern and work date. */
     ALREADY_CHECKED_IN,
+    /** No row exists for the current work date. */
     NO_ATTENDANCE_RECORD,
+    /** The row already contains its first raw checkout. */
     ALREADY_CHECKED_OUT,
+    /** The attached-policy inclusive checkout cutoff has passed. */
     CHECKOUT_CUTOFF_PASSED
 }

src/main/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/exception/CalendarException.java

@@ -1,7 +1,15 @@
 package com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.exception;
 
+/**
+ * Signals a rejected global-calendar mutation, including immutable-history and optimistic conflicts.
+ */
 public final class CalendarException extends RuntimeException {
 
+    /**
+     * Creates a calendar rejection with operator-facing context.
+     *
+     * @param message explanation of the rejected mutation
+     */
     public CalendarException(String message) {
         super(message);
     }

src/main/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/model/AttendanceActor.java

@@ -2,8 +2,17 @@ package com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model;
 
 import java.util.Objects;
 
+/**
+ * Attendance authorization context resolved from the authenticated account service identity.
+ *
+ * @param userId authoritative application user identifier
+ * @param role immutable global role used for attendance route and history scope checks
+ */
 public record AttendanceActor(long userId, AttendanceRole role) {
 
+    /**
+     * Rejects an actor without a resolved global role.
+     */
     public AttendanceActor {
         Objects.requireNonNull(role, "role");
     }

src/main/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/model/AttendanceDayContext.java

@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
 package com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model;
 
+/**
+ * Date-specific eligibility facts supplied to check-in without exposing account or calendar persistence.
+ * Approved leave means an approved request has a frozen allocation for the exact work date.
+ *
+ * @param activeIntern whether the account service considers the Intern active for the date
+ * @param globalDayOff whether the authoritative local calendar exempts the date
+ * @param approvedLeave whether a frozen approved leave allocation covers the date
+ */
 public record AttendanceDayContext(boolean activeIntern, boolean globalDayOff, boolean approvedLeave) {}

src/main/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/model/AttendancePolicy.java

@@ -8,6 +8,21 @@ import java.time.ZoneId;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Set;
 
+/**
+ * Immutable effective-dated attendance rules interpreted in their configured business timezone.
+ * Grace boundaries are inclusive and the checkout cutoff must remain before the next local midnight.
+ *
+ * @param id persistent policy version identifier attached permanently to attendance rows
+ * @param effectiveFrom first local business date governed by this version
+ * @param zoneId timezone used to derive work dates and schedule instants
+ * @param scheduledStart expected local start time
+ * @param scheduledEnd expected local end time
+ * @param checkInGraceMinutes allowed minutes after scheduled start, from 0 through 720
+ * @param checkoutGraceMinutes allowed minutes after scheduled end, from 0 through 720
+ * @param monthlyLeaveQuota quota snapshot source for newly submitted leave allocations
+ * @param violationPenalty penalty applied per applicable attendance violation
+ * @param workdays configured ISO weekdays that normally require attendance
+ */
 public record AttendancePolicy(
         long id,
         LocalDate effectiveFrom,
@@ -23,6 +38,9 @@ public record AttendancePolicy(
     private static final int MAX_GRACE_MINUTES = 720;
     private static final int SECONDS_PER_DAY = 86_400;
 
+    /**
+     * Validates schedule and grace invariants and defensively snapshots the configured workdays.
+     */
     public AttendancePolicy {
         Objects.requireNonNull(effectiveFrom, "effectiveFrom");
         Objects.requireNonNull(zoneId, "zoneId");
@@ -41,25 +59,12 @@ public record AttendancePolicy(
         }
     }
 
-    public static AttendancePolicy seeded(long id) {
+    /**
-        return new AttendancePolicy(
+     * Reports whether the local date is a configured workday under this version.
-                id,
+     *
-                LocalDate.of(1970, 1, 1),
+     * @param date local date interpreted by this policy
-                ZoneId.of("Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh"),
+     * @return {@code true} when the weekday is configured for attendance
-                LocalTime.of(8, 30),
+     */
-                LocalTime.of(15, 30),
-                30,
-                30,
-                3,
-                new BigDecimal("0.25"),
-                Set.of(
-                        DayOfWeek.MONDAY,
-                        DayOfWeek.TUESDAY,
-                        DayOfWeek.WEDNESDAY,
-                        DayOfWeek.THURSDAY,
-                        DayOfWeek.FRIDAY));
-    }
-
     public boolean isWorkday(LocalDate date) {
         return workdays.contains(date.getDayOfWeek());
     }

src/main/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/model/AttendanceRecord.java

@@ -8,6 +8,16 @@ import java.time.LocalDate;
 import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
 import java.util.Objects;
 
+/**
+ * One Intern's immutable raw check-in and optional raw checkout for a local work date.
+ * The attached policy version permanently determines schedule boundaries and violation interpretation.
+ *
+ * @param internId Intern account identifier
+ * @param workDate policy-local date derived when check-in was accepted
+ * @param policy historical policy version attached at check-in
+ * @param checkInAt uneditable raw server check-in instant
+ * @param checkOutAt uneditable raw server checkout instant, or {@code null} until accepted
+ */
 public record AttendanceRecord(
         long internId,
         LocalDate workDate,
@@ -15,12 +25,22 @@ public record AttendanceRecord(
         Instant checkInAt,
         Instant checkOutAt) {
 
+    /**
+     * Validates required historical fields while preserving a nullable raw checkout.
+     */
     public AttendanceRecord {
         Objects.requireNonNull(workDate, "workDate");
         Objects.requireNonNull(policy, "policy");
         Objects.requireNonNull(checkInAt, "checkInAt");
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns a copy with the first raw checkout when it is at or before the attached-policy cutoff.
+     * Repeated or post-cutoff attempts are rejected without changing the original record.
+     *
+     * @param at authoritative server instant
+     * @return record containing the accepted raw checkout
+     */
     public AttendanceRecord checkOut(Instant at) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(at, "at");
         if (checkOutAt != null) {
@@ -32,6 +52,13 @@ public record AttendanceRecord(
         return new AttendanceRecord(internId, workDate, policy, checkInAt, at);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Classifies violations using the attached policy and an authoritative observation instant.
+     * A missing checkout appears only after the inclusive cutoff and never implies early departure.
+     *
+     * @param observedAt instant at which missing-checkout status is evaluated
+     * @return independent violation flags for presentation and reporting
+     */
     public AttendanceViolations violations(Instant observedAt) {
         boolean late = checkInAt.isAfter(scheduledStart().plusSeconds(policy.checkInGraceMinutes() * 60L));
         boolean missingCheckout = checkOutAt == null && observedAt.isAfter(checkoutCutoff());

src/main/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/model/AttendanceRole.java

@@ -1,7 +1,13 @@
 package com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model;
 
+/**
+ * Global account roles recognized by attendance authorization rules.
+ */
 public enum AttendanceRole {
+    /** Global system administrator. */
     ADMIN,
+    /** Global laboratory Mentor. */
     MENTOR,
+    /** Internship participant. */
     INTERN
 }

src/main/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/model/AttendanceViolations.java

@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
 package com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model;
 
+/**
+ * Independent attendance violations for a row. Late may coexist with early departure or missing checkout;
+ * missing checkout and early departure are mutually exclusive because the latter requires an effective checkout.
+ *
+ * @param late check-in occurred strictly after the inclusive grace boundary
+ * @param earlyDeparture effective checkout occurred before scheduled end
+ * @param missingCheckout no effective checkout existed after the inclusive checkout cutoff passed
+ */
 public record AttendanceViolations(boolean late, boolean earlyDeparture, boolean missingCheckout) {}

src/main/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/model/dto/AttendanceCurrentState.java

@@ -1,7 +1,13 @@
 package com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.dto;
 
+/**
+ * Presentation-safe current business-date punch state exposed across feature boundaries.
+ */
 public enum AttendanceCurrentState {
+    /** No attendance row exists for the current business date. */
     NOT_CHECKED_IN,
+    /** A row exists without raw checkout. */
     CHECKED_IN,
+    /** A row exists with its accepted raw checkout. */
     CHECKED_OUT
 }

src/main/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/model/dto/AttendanceHistoryItem.java

@@ -5,10 +5,102 @@ import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.AttendanceViolations;
 
 import java.time.Instant;
 import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
 
+/**
+ * Presentation and reporting DTO for one historical attendance row.
+ * Raw instants remain available for precise consumers while display accessors consistently render
+ * {@code dd/MM/yyyy} and policy-local 24-hour {@code HH:mm} values from the attached policy timezone.
+ *
+ * @param workDate immutable policy-local work date
+ * @param checkInAt raw server check-in instant
+ * @param checkOutAt raw server checkout instant, or {@code null} when absent
+ * @param policy historical policy version attached to the row
+ * @param violations all applicable violations at query time
+ */
 public record AttendanceHistoryItem(
         LocalDate workDate,
         Instant checkInAt,
         Instant checkOutAt,
         AttendancePolicy policy,
-        AttendanceViolations violations) {}
+        AttendanceViolations violations) {
+
+    private static final DateTimeFormatter DATE_FORMAT = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("dd/MM/uuuu");
+    private static final DateTimeFormatter TIME_FORMAT = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("HH:mm");
+
+    /**
+     * Formats the business date as {@code dd/MM/yyyy}.
+     *
+     * @return presentation-ready work date
+     */
+    public String workDateDisplay() {
+        return DATE_FORMAT.format(workDate);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Formats raw check-in in the attached policy timezone as 24-hour {@code HH:mm}.
+     *
+     * @return presentation-ready local check-in time
+     */
+    public String checkInTimeDisplay() {
+        return TIME_FORMAT.format(checkInAt.atZone(policy.zoneId()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Formats raw checkout in the attached policy timezone or reports {@code Missing} when absent.
+     *
+     * @return presentation-ready local checkout value
+     */
+    public String checkOutTimeDisplay() {
+        return checkOutAt == null ? "Missing" : TIME_FORMAT.format(checkOutAt.atZone(policy.zoneId()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Formats the attached policy's local scheduled start as {@code HH:mm}.
+     *
+     * @return presentation-ready scheduled start
+     */
+    public String scheduledStartDisplay() {
+        return TIME_FORMAT.format(policy.scheduledStart());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Formats the attached policy's local scheduled end as {@code HH:mm}.
+     *
+     * @return presentation-ready scheduled end
+     */
+    public String scheduledEndDisplay() {
+        return TIME_FORMAT.format(policy.scheduledEnd());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns every applicable violation in stable presentation order, or only {@code On time}
+     * when no violation applies.
+     *
+     * @return immutable, non-empty presentation labels
+     */
+    public List<String> violationLabels() {
+        List<String> labels = new ArrayList<>(3);
+        if (violations.late()) {
+            labels.add("Late");
+        }
+        if (violations.earlyDeparture()) {
+            labels.add("Early departure");
+        }
+        if (violations.missingCheckout()) {
+            labels.add("Missing checkout");
+        }
+        return labels.isEmpty() ? List.of("On time") : List.copyOf(labels);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Joins every applicable violation for table and export cells.
+     *
+     * @return comma-separated violation labels, or {@code On time}
+     */
+    public String resultDisplay() {
+        return String.join(", ", violationLabels());
+    }
+}

src/main/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/model/dto/GlobalCalendarEvent.java

@@ -2,4 +2,13 @@ package com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.dto;
 
 import java.time.LocalDate;
 
+/**
+ * Persistence-free global calendar event returned to controllers and feature consumers.
+ *
+ * @param id stable event identifier
+ * @param date local business date of the event
+ * @param name operator-provided display name
+ * @param dayOff whether this event makes the date globally exempt
+ * @param version optimistic version required by update requests
+ */
 public record GlobalCalendarEvent(long id, LocalDate date, String name, boolean dayOff, long version) {}

src/main/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/model/entity/AttendancePolicyEntity.java

@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ import java.time.ZoneId;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
+/**
+ * JPA mapping of an immutable-on-effective attendance policy version and its configured workdays.
+ */
 @Entity
 @Table(name = "attendance_policy_versions")
 public class AttendancePolicyEntity {
@@ -62,8 +65,16 @@ public class AttendancePolicyEntity {
     @Version
     private long version;
 
+    /**
+     * Required by JPA; application code resolves existing effective-dated versions instead of constructing them here.
+     */
     protected AttendancePolicyEntity() {}
 
+    /**
+     * Converts the persisted version to the immutable policy used for historical boundary calculations.
+     *
+     * @return domain policy including its persisted identifier and timezone
+     */
     public AttendancePolicy toDomain() {
         Set<DayOfWeek> workdays = isoWeekdays.stream()
                 .map(day -> DayOfWeek.of(day.intValue()))

src/main/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/model/entity/AttendanceRecordEntity.java

@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ import jakarta.persistence.Version;
 import java.time.Instant;
 import java.time.LocalDate;
 
+/**
+ * JPA persistence model for one Intern/work-date punch row with its permanently attached policy version.
+ */
 @Entity
 @Table(name = "attendance_records")
 public class AttendanceRecordEntity {
@@ -41,8 +44,20 @@ public class AttendanceRecordEntity {
     @Version
     private long version;
 
+    /**
+     * Required by JPA.
+     */
     protected AttendanceRecordEntity() {}
 
+    /**
+     * Creates a new persistence row from server-authoritative raw punch values.
+     *
+     * @param internUserId scalar account identifier; account data remains owned by the account feature
+     * @param workDate attached-policy local work date
+     * @param policy persisted policy version fixed at check-in
+     * @param checkInAt raw server check-in instant
+     * @param checkOutAt raw server checkout instant, normally {@code null} for a new row
+     */
     public AttendanceRecordEntity(
             long internUserId,
             LocalDate workDate,
@@ -56,14 +71,29 @@ public class AttendanceRecordEntity {
         this.checkOutAt = checkOutAt;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Rehydrates the immutable domain record without replacing the historical policy.
+     *
+     * @return attendance domain record
+     */
     public AttendanceRecord toDomain() {
         return new AttendanceRecord(internUserId, workDate, policy.toDomain(), checkInAt, checkOutAt);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Stores the first accepted raw checkout; callers must enforce cutoff and single-write rules transactionally.
+     *
+     * @param checkOutAt accepted server checkout instant
+     */
     public void setCheckOutAt(Instant checkOutAt) {
         this.checkOutAt = checkOutAt;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns the immutable local date used for account eligibility revalidation at checkout.
+     *
+     * @return persisted work date
+     */
     public LocalDate workDate() {
         return workDate;
     }

src/main/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/model/entity/GlobalCalendarEventEntity.java

@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ import jakarta.persistence.Table;
 import jakarta.persistence.Version;
 import java.time.LocalDate;
 
+/**
+ * JPA model for the locally authoritative global calendar decision.
+ */
 @Entity
 @Table(name = "global_calendar_events")
 public class GlobalCalendarEventEntity {
@@ -40,8 +43,19 @@ public class GlobalCalendarEventEntity {
     @Version
     private long version;
 
+    /**
+     * Required by JPA.
+     */
     protected GlobalCalendarEventEntity() {}
 
+    /**
+     * Creates a custom calendar event attributed to the Admin actor.
+     *
+     * @param date local business date
+     * @param name display name validated by the application service
+     * @param dayOff whether the event exempts attendance and date validation
+     * @param actorUserId Admin who created the local decision
+     */
     public GlobalCalendarEventEntity(LocalDate date, String name, boolean dayOff, long actorUserId) {
         this.calendarDate = date;
         this.name = name;
@@ -51,6 +65,14 @@ public class GlobalCalendarEventEntity {
         this.updatedByUserId = actorUserId;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Applies an authorized future-event edit while preserving creator attribution.
+     *
+     * @param date replacement local date
+     * @param name replacement display name
+     * @param dayOff replacement authoritative day-off choice
+     * @param actorUserId Admin performing the update
+     */
     public void update(LocalDate date, String name, boolean dayOff, long actorUserId) {
         this.calendarDate = date;
         this.name = name;
@@ -58,14 +80,29 @@ public class GlobalCalendarEventEntity {
         this.updatedByUserId = actorUserId;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns a persistence-free event including the optimistic version needed for edits.
+     *
+     * @return calendar event DTO
+     */
     public GlobalCalendarEvent toDomain() {
         return new GlobalCalendarEvent(id, calendarDate, name, dayOff, version);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns the date whose mutability is governed by the current policy-local business date.
+     *
+     * @return event calendar date
+     */
     public LocalDate calendarDate() {
         return calendarDate;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns the optimistic version expected by a subsequent update.
+     *
+     * @return current version
+     */
     public long version() {
         return version;
     }

src/main/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/model/entity/LeaveRequestDayEntity.java

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.entity;
+
+import jakarta.persistence.Column;
+import jakarta.persistence.EmbeddedId;
+import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
+import jakarta.persistence.FetchType;
+import jakarta.persistence.JoinColumn;
+import jakarta.persistence.ManyToOne;
+import jakarta.persistence.MapsId;
+import jakarta.persistence.Table;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+
+/**
+ * JPA mapping of an immutable leave-day allocation whose exact date, policy, and quota snapshot remain historical.
+ */
+@Entity
+@Table(name = "leave_request_days")
+public class LeaveRequestDayEntity {
+
+    @EmbeddedId
+    private LeaveRequestDayId id;
+
+    @MapsId("leaveRequestId")
+    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY, optional = false)
+    @JoinColumn(name = "leave_request_id", nullable = false)
+    private LeaveRequestEntity request;
+
+    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY, optional = false)
+    @JoinColumn(name = "policy_version_id", nullable = false)
+    private AttendancePolicyEntity policy;
+
+    @Column(name = "quota_month", nullable = false)
+    private LocalDate quotaMonth;
+
+    @Column(name = "monthly_quota_snapshot", nullable = false)
+    private int monthlyQuotaSnapshot;
+
+    /**
+     * Required by JPA.
+     */
+    protected LeaveRequestDayEntity() {}
+
+    LeaveRequestDayEntity(
+            LeaveRequestEntity request,
+            LocalDate leaveDate,
+            AttendancePolicyEntity policy,
+            int monthlyQuotaSnapshot) {
+        this.request = request;
+        this.id = new LeaveRequestDayId(request.id(), leaveDate);
+        this.policy = policy;
+        this.quotaMonth = leaveDate.withDayOfMonth(1);
+        this.monthlyQuotaSnapshot = monthlyQuotaSnapshot;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/model/entity/LeaveRequestDayId.java

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.entity;
+
+import jakarta.persistence.Column;
+import jakarta.persistence.Embeddable;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Composite identifier of one frozen quota-consuming date within a leave request.
+ */
+@Embeddable
+public class LeaveRequestDayId implements Serializable {
+
+    /** Parent request identity used by the composite primary key. */
+    @Column(name = "leave_request_id", nullable = false)
+    private long leaveRequestId;
+
+    /** Exact frozen allocation date used by the composite primary key. */
+    @Column(name = "leave_date", nullable = false)
+    private LocalDate leaveDate;
+
+    /**
+     * Required by JPA.
+     */
+    protected LeaveRequestDayId() {}
+
+    /**
+     * Creates the identity for an already-persisted request and its exact allocated date.
+     *
+     * @param leaveRequestId persisted leave request identifier
+     * @param leaveDate frozen quota-consuming date
+     */
+    public LeaveRequestDayId(long leaveRequestId, LocalDate leaveDate) {
+        this.leaveRequestId = leaveRequestId;
+        this.leaveDate = Objects.requireNonNull(leaveDate, "leaveDate");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object candidate) {
+        return candidate instanceof LeaveRequestDayId other
+                && leaveRequestId == other.leaveRequestId
+                && leaveDate.equals(other.leaveDate);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(leaveRequestId, leaveDate);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/model/entity/LeaveRequestEntity.java

@@ -6,8 +6,13 @@ import jakarta.persistence.GeneratedValue;
 import jakarta.persistence.GenerationType;
 import jakarta.persistence.Id;
 import jakarta.persistence.Table;
+import jakarta.persistence.Version;
+import java.time.Instant;
 import java.time.LocalDate;
 
+/**
+ * Minimal Attendance-owned JPA mapping of leave request state used when evaluating frozen leave-day allocations.
+ */
 @Entity
 @Table(name = "leave_requests")
 public class LeaveRequestEntity {
@@ -25,8 +30,56 @@ public class LeaveRequestEntity {
     @Column(name = "end_date", nullable = false)
     private LocalDate endDate;
 
+    @Column(nullable = false)
+    private String reason;
+
     @Column(nullable = false)
     private String status;
 
+    @Column(name = "submitted_at", nullable = false)
+    private Instant submittedAt;
+
+    @Column(name = "first_counted_start_at", nullable = false)
+    private Instant firstCountedStartAt;
+
+    @Column(name = "decided_by_mentor_user_id")
+    private Long decidedByMentorUserId;
+
+    @Column(name = "decided_at")
+    private Instant decidedAt;
+
+    @Version
+    private long version;
+
+    /**
+     * Required by JPA.
+     */
     protected LeaveRequestEntity() {}
+
+    LeaveRequestEntity(
+            long internUserId,
+            LocalDate startDate,
+            LocalDate endDate,
+            String reason,
+            Instant submittedAt,
+            Instant firstCountedStartAt,
+            long decidedByMentorUserId,
+            Instant decidedAt) {
+        this.internUserId = internUserId;
+        this.startDate = startDate;
+        this.endDate = endDate;
+        this.reason = reason;
+        this.status = "APPROVED";
+        this.submittedAt = submittedAt;
+        this.firstCountedStartAt = firstCountedStartAt;
+        this.decidedByMentorUserId = decidedByMentorUserId;
+        this.decidedAt = decidedAt;
+    }
+
+    long id() {
+        if (id == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Leave request has not been persisted");
+        }
+        return id;
+    }
 }

src/main/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/repository/AttendancePolicyRepository.java

@@ -4,7 +4,15 @@ import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.entity.AttendancePolicyEnti
 import java.util.List;
 import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
 
+/**
+ * Spring Data access to the effective-dated policy timeline owned by Attendance.
+ */
 public interface AttendancePolicyRepository extends JpaRepository<AttendancePolicyEntity, Long> {
 
+    /**
+     * Loads the complete timeline in effective-date order for deterministic local-date resolution.
+     *
+     * @return ascending policy versions, including the 1970 seed
+     */
     List<AttendancePolicyEntity> findAllByOrderByEffectiveFromAsc();
 }

src/main/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/repository/AttendanceQueryRepository.java

@@ -1,18 +1,32 @@
 package com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.repository;
 
-import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.entity.LeaveRequestEntity;
+import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.entity.LeaveRequestDayEntity;
+import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.entity.LeaveRequestDayId;
 import java.time.LocalDate;
 import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
 import org.springframework.data.repository.Repository;
 import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;
 
-public interface AttendanceQueryRepository extends Repository<LeaveRequestEntity, Long> {
+/**
+ * Narrow Attendance read repository for date-specific leave eligibility facts.
+ */
+public interface AttendanceQueryRepository extends Repository<LeaveRequestDayEntity, LeaveRequestDayId> {
 
+    /**
+     * Checks whether an approved request owns a frozen allocation for the exact date.
+     * Request range membership alone is intentionally insufficient because non-workdays and holidays are excluded
+     * when leave is materialized.
+     *
+     * @param internId Intern account identifier
+     * @param workDate exact policy-local date being evaluated
+     * @return {@code true} only for an approved frozen allocation
+     */
     @Query("""
-            select count(request) > 0
+            select count(day) > 0
-            from LeaveRequestEntity request
+            from LeaveRequestDayEntity day
+            join day.request request
             where request.internUserId = :internId and request.status = 'APPROVED'
-              and :workDate between request.startDate and request.endDate
+              and day.id.leaveDate = :workDate
             """)
     boolean hasApprovedLeave(
             @Param("internId") long internId, @Param("workDate") LocalDate workDate);

src/main/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/repository/AttendanceRecordRepository.java

@@ -6,10 +6,28 @@ import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
 
+/**
+ * Spring Data access to raw attendance rows and attached historical policy versions.
+ */
 public interface AttendanceRecordRepository extends JpaRepository<AttendanceRecordEntity, Long> {
 
+    /**
+     * Finds the unique row protected by the database's Intern/work-date constraint.
+     *
+     * @param internUserId Intern account identifier
+     * @param workDate policy-local work date
+     * @return row when the Intern has checked in on that date
+     */
     Optional<AttendanceRecordEntity> findByInternUserIdAndWorkDate(long internUserId, LocalDate workDate);
 
+    /**
+     * Loads an Intern's inclusive history newest-first; each entity carries its attached policy.
+     *
+     * @param internUserId Intern account identifier
+     * @param from inclusive first local date
+     * @param to inclusive last local date
+     * @return matching attendance rows newest-first
+     */
     List<AttendanceRecordEntity> findByInternUserIdAndWorkDateBetweenOrderByWorkDateDesc(
             long internUserId, LocalDate from, LocalDate to);
 }

src/main/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/repository/GlobalCalendarEventRepository.java

@@ -5,10 +5,26 @@ import java.time.LocalDate;
 import java.util.List;
 import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
 
+/**
+ * Spring Data access to locally authoritative global calendar events.
+ */
 public interface GlobalCalendarEventRepository extends JpaRepository<GlobalCalendarEventEntity, Long> {
 
+    /**
+     * Reports whether any stored event makes the exact local date a global day off.
+     *
+     * @param date local business date
+     * @return {@code true} when at least one authoritative day-off decision exists
+     */
     boolean existsByCalendarDateAndDayOffTrue(LocalDate date);
 
+    /**
+     * Lists events across an inclusive local-date range in deterministic order.
+     *
+     * @param from inclusive first date
+     * @param to inclusive last date
+     * @return events ordered by date then identifier
+     */
     List<GlobalCalendarEventEntity> findByCalendarDateBetweenOrderByCalendarDateAscIdAsc(
             LocalDate from, LocalDate to);
 }

src/main/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/service/AttendanceApplicationService.java

@@ -21,9 +21,15 @@ import java.time.LocalDate;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import org.springframework.security.access.AccessDeniedException;
+import org.springframework.dao.DataIntegrityViolationException;
+import org.springframework.orm.ObjectOptimisticLockingFailureException;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
 
+/**
+ * Transactional Attendance application boundary for punches, current state, and authorized history reads.
+ * Account eligibility is obtained only through {@link AccountService}; raw rows retain their attached policy.
+ */
 @Service
 public class AttendanceApplicationService {
 
@@ -52,6 +58,14 @@ public class AttendanceApplicationService {
         this.attendance = attendance;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Records the sole server-time check-in for the effective policy-local date.
+     * Eligibility, workday, calendar, and exact frozen leave allocation are evaluated in the transaction;
+     * a concurrent unique conflict is returned as {@link AttendanceRejection#ALREADY_CHECKED_IN}.
+     *
+     * @param internId Intern account identifier
+     * @return persisted raw attendance record
+     */
     @Transactional
     public AttendanceRecord checkIn(long internId) {
         Instant now = clock.instant();
@@ -62,6 +76,7 @@ public class AttendanceApplicationService {
                 .map(AttendanceRecordEntity::toDomain);
         AttendanceRecord record = attendance.checkIn(
                 internId, now, policy, dayContext(internId, workDate), existing);
+        try {
             return recordEntities.saveAndFlush(new AttendanceRecordEntity(
                             record.internId(),
                             record.workDate(),
@@ -69,8 +84,19 @@ public class AttendanceApplicationService {
                             record.checkInAt(),
                             record.checkOutAt()))
                     .toDomain();
+        } catch (DataIntegrityViolationException conflict) {
+            throw new AttendanceException(AttendanceRejection.ALREADY_CHECKED_IN);
+        }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Records the first server-time checkout for today's open row under its attached policy cutoff.
+     * Account eligibility is revalidated for the persisted work date, and an optimistic race is returned as
+     * {@link AttendanceRejection#ALREADY_CHECKED_OUT}; rejected attempts do not replace raw checkout.
+     *
+     * @param internId Intern account identifier
+     * @return persisted checked-out record
+     */
     @Transactional
     public AttendanceRecord checkOut(long internId) {
         Instant now = clock.instant();
@@ -79,10 +105,23 @@ public class AttendanceApplicationService {
         Optional<AttendanceRecordEntity> entity = recordEntities.findByInternUserIdAndWorkDate(internId, workDate);
         AttendanceRecord checkedOut = attendance.checkOut(entity.map(AttendanceRecordEntity::toDomain), now);
         AttendanceRecordEntity persisted = entity.orElseThrow();
+        if (!accounts.isEligibleIntern(internId, persisted.workDate())) {
+            throw new AttendanceException(AttendanceRejection.INACTIVE_INTERN);
+        }
         persisted.setCheckOutAt(checkedOut.checkOutAt());
+        try {
             return recordEntities.saveAndFlush(persisted).toDomain();
+        } catch (ObjectOptimisticLockingFailureException conflict) {
+            throw new AttendanceException(AttendanceRejection.ALREADY_CHECKED_OUT);
+        }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Reports an eligible Intern's current policy-local business-date punch state.
+     *
+     * @param internId Intern account identifier
+     * @return presentation-safe current state
+     */
     @Transactional(readOnly = true)
     public AttendanceCurrentState currentState(long internId) {
         Instant now = clock.instant();
@@ -99,6 +138,16 @@ public class AttendanceApplicationService {
                 .orElse(AttendanceCurrentState.NOT_CHECKED_IN);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns inclusive historical rows newest-first, allowing Interns only their own history while Mentor and Admin
+     * actors may inspect another Intern. DTOs retain raw instants and provide attached-policy local display values.
+     *
+     * @param actor authenticated Attendance authorization context
+     * @param internId target Intern account identifier
+     * @param from inclusive first local date
+     * @param to inclusive last local date
+     * @return immutable presentation/reporting history items
+     */
     @Transactional(readOnly = true)
     public List<AttendanceHistoryItem> history(
             AttendanceActor actor, long internId, LocalDate from, LocalDate to) {
@@ -120,6 +169,11 @@ public class AttendanceApplicationService {
                 .toList();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Resolves the current business date in the effective policy timezone.
+     *
+     * @return current policy-local date from the injected server clock
+     */
     @Transactional(readOnly = true)
     public LocalDate currentBusinessDate() {
         AttendancePolicy policy = timeline().resolve(clock.instant());

src/main/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/service/AttendanceCurrentUserService.java

@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ import java.security.Principal;
 import org.springframework.security.access.AccessDeniedException;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 
+/**
+ * Converts Spring Security principals into active Attendance authorization contexts through AccountService DTOs.
+ */
 @Service
 public class AttendanceCurrentUserService {
 
@@ -18,6 +21,12 @@ public class AttendanceCurrentUserService {
         this.accounts = accounts;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Resolves the authenticated email through the Account feature and rejects missing or inactive identities.
+     *
+     * @param principal authenticated server principal
+     * @return Attendance actor containing only the user ID and global role needed by this feature
+     */
     public AttendanceActor actor(Principal principal) {
         if (principal == null || principal.getName() == null) {
             throw new AccessDeniedException("Authentication is required");

src/main/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/service/AttendancePolicyTimeline.java

@@ -8,16 +8,30 @@ import java.util.Comparator;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;
 
+/**
+ * Deterministically resolves immutable attendance policy versions for local dates or server instants.
+ */
 public final class AttendancePolicyTimeline {
 
     private final List<AttendancePolicy> policies;
 
+    /**
+     * Snapshots and orders the supplied versions by effective date.
+     *
+     * @param policies available policy versions, normally including the 1970 seed
+     */
     public AttendancePolicyTimeline(Collection<AttendancePolicy> policies) {
         this.policies = policies.stream()
                 .sorted(Comparator.comparing(AttendancePolicy::effectiveFrom))
                 .toList();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Resolves the latest version effective on or before a local business date.
+     *
+     * @param date local business date
+     * @return governing policy version
+     */
     public AttendancePolicy resolve(LocalDate date) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(date, "date");
         return policies.stream()
@@ -26,6 +40,12 @@ public final class AttendancePolicyTimeline {
                 .orElseThrow(() -> new IllegalArgumentException("no attendance policy applies on " + date));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Resolves an instant against each version's own timezone and effective date.
+     *
+     * @param instant authoritative server instant
+     * @return governing policy version
+     */
     public AttendancePolicy resolve(Instant instant) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(instant, "instant");
         return policies.stream()

src/main/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/service/AttendanceService.java

@@ -10,9 +10,25 @@ import java.time.LocalDate;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 
+/**
+ * Pure attendance punch rules over immutable policy, date context, and raw record values.
+ */
 @Service
 public final class AttendanceService {
 
+    AttendanceService() {}
+
+    /**
+     * Creates the sole raw check-in for an eligible Intern/date using the supplied server instant.
+     * Equality at the grace boundary is accepted; violation classification remains attached-policy based.
+     *
+     * @param internId Intern account identifier
+     * @param now authoritative server instant
+     * @param policy effective policy at check-in
+     * @param context date-specific account, calendar, and frozen-leave facts
+     * @param existingRecord existing row for the same Intern/date, if any
+     * @return new raw attendance record
+     */
     public AttendanceRecord checkIn(
             long internId,
             Instant now,
@@ -27,6 +43,13 @@ public final class AttendanceService {
         return new AttendanceRecord(internId, workDate, policy, now, null);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Applies the first raw checkout through the attached-policy inclusive cutoff.
+     *
+     * @param record open attendance row, if one exists
+     * @param now authoritative server instant
+     * @return checked-out record preserving its original check-in and attached policy
+     */
     public AttendanceRecord checkOut(Optional<AttendanceRecord> record, Instant now) {
         return record
                 .orElseThrow(() -> new AttendanceException(AttendanceRejection.NO_ATTENDANCE_RECORD))

src/main/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/service/CalendarApplicationService.java

@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@ import org.springframework.security.access.AccessDeniedException;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
 
+/**
+ * Transactional boundary for the locally authoritative global calendar and its cross-feature day-off decision.
+ */
 @Service
 public class CalendarApplicationService {
 
@@ -32,6 +35,15 @@ public class CalendarApplicationService {
         this.events = events;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Creates an Admin-authored custom event on a non-past policy-local date.
+     *
+     * @param actor authenticated Attendance actor; must be Admin
+     * @param date local event date
+     * @param name non-blank display name
+     * @param dayOff authoritative attendance/due-date exemption choice
+     * @return persisted event DTO including optimistic version
+     */
     @Transactional
     public GlobalCalendarEvent createManual(
             AttendanceActor actor, LocalDate date, String name, boolean dayOff) {
@@ -41,6 +53,18 @@ public class CalendarApplicationService {
                 .toDomain();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Updates a future custom event when the submitted optimistic version still matches.
+     * Past event dates and attempts to move an event into the past are rejected.
+     *
+     * @param actor authenticated Attendance actor; must be Admin
+     * @param eventId event identifier
+     * @param expectedVersion version rendered to the editor
+     * @param date replacement local event date
+     * @param name replacement non-blank display name
+     * @param dayOff replacement authoritative day-off choice
+     * @return updated event DTO and advanced version
+     */
     @Transactional
     public GlobalCalendarEvent updateManual(
             AttendanceActor actor,
@@ -61,6 +85,13 @@ public class CalendarApplicationService {
         return events.saveAndFlush(event).toDomain();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Lists locally stored events over an inclusive date range.
+     *
+     * @param from inclusive first local date
+     * @param to inclusive last local date
+     * @return events ordered by date and identifier
+     */
     @Transactional(readOnly = true)
     public List<GlobalCalendarEvent> list(LocalDate from, LocalDate to) {
         if (from.isAfter(to)) {
@@ -72,6 +103,13 @@ public class CalendarApplicationService {
                 .toList();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Answers whether the exact local date has any authoritative stored day-off event.
+     * This is the public cross-feature calendar API; it performs no live HolidayAPI call.
+     *
+     * @param date local business date to inspect
+     * @return {@code true} when at least one local event is marked as a day off
+     */
     @Transactional(readOnly = true)
     public boolean isGlobalDayOff(LocalDate date) {
         return events.existsByCalendarDateAndDayOffTrue(date);

src/main/resources/templates/attendance/history.html

@@ -41,12 +41,12 @@
         </thead>
         <tbody>
         <tr th:each="item : ${items}">
-            <td th:text="${item.workDate}"></td>
+            <td th:text="${item.workDateDisplay}"></td>
-            <td th:text="${item.checkInAt}"></td>
+            <td th:text="${item.checkInTimeDisplay}"></td>
-            <td th:text="${item.checkOutAt == null ? 'Missing' : item.checkOutAt}"></td>
+            <td th:text="${item.checkOutTimeDisplay}"></td>
-            <td th:text="|${item.policy.scheduledStart}–${item.policy.scheduledEnd} (${item.policy.zoneId})|"></td>
+            <td th:text="|${item.scheduledStartDisplay}–${item.scheduledEndDisplay} (${item.policy.zoneId})|"></td>
             <td th:text="|${item.policy.checkInGraceMinutes} min / ${item.policy.checkoutGraceMinutes} min|"></td>
-            <td th:text="${item.violations.missingCheckout ? 'Missing checkout' : (item.violations.earlyDeparture ? 'Early departure' : (item.violations.late ? 'Late' : 'On time'))}"></td>
+            <td th:text="${item.resultDisplay}"></td>
         </tr>
         </tbody>
     </table>

src/test/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/controller/AttendanceControllerTest.java

@@ -13,9 +13,12 @@ import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.
 import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.redirectedUrl;
 import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
 import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.view;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.containsString;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.not;
 
 import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.AttendanceActor;
 import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.AttendancePolicy;
+import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.AttendancePolicyFixtures;
 import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.AttendanceRole;
 import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.AttendanceViolations;
 import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.dto.AttendanceHistoryItem;
@@ -69,7 +72,7 @@ class AttendanceControllerTest {
                 LocalDate.of(2026, 8, 14),
                 Instant.parse("2026-08-14T02:00:00Z"),
                 Instant.parse("2026-08-14T09:00:00Z"),
-                AttendancePolicy.seeded(1L),
+                AttendancePolicyFixtures.seeded(1L),
                 new AttendanceViolations(false, false, false))));
 
         mockMvc.perform(get("/attendance")
@@ -82,6 +85,30 @@ class AttendanceControllerTest {
                 .andExpect(content().string(org.hamcrest.Matchers.containsString("30 min")));
     }
 
+    @Test
+    void historyRendersPolicyLocalDisplayValuesAndEveryViolation() throws Exception {
+        AttendanceActor actor = new AttendanceActor(42L, AttendanceRole.INTERN);
+        when(currentUsers.actor(any())).thenReturn(actor);
+        when(attendance.history(eq(actor), eq(42L), any(), any())).thenReturn(List.of(new AttendanceHistoryItem(
+                LocalDate.of(2026, 8, 14),
+                Instant.parse("2026-08-14T02:00:00.001Z"),
+                Instant.parse("2026-08-14T08:00:00Z"),
+                AttendancePolicyFixtures.seeded(1L),
+                new AttendanceViolations(true, true, false))));
+
+        mockMvc.perform(get("/attendance")
+                        .with(user("intern@example.test").roles("INTERN"))
+                        .param("from", "2026-08-01")
+                        .param("to", "2026-08-31"))
+                .andExpect(status().isOk())
+                .andExpect(content().string(containsString("14/08/2026")))
+                .andExpect(content().string(containsString("09:00")))
+                .andExpect(content().string(containsString("15:00")))
+                .andExpect(content().string(containsString("Late")))
+                .andExpect(content().string(containsString("Early departure")))
+                .andExpect(content().string(not(containsString("On time"))));
+    }
+
     @Test
     void mentorCanInspectInternHistory() throws Exception {
         AttendanceActor mentor = new AttendanceActor(7L, AttendanceRole.MENTOR);

src/test/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/model/AttendancePolicyFixtures.java

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model;
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.time.DayOfWeek;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.time.LocalTime;
+import java.time.ZoneId;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+public final class AttendancePolicyFixtures {
+
+    private AttendancePolicyFixtures() {}
+
+    public static AttendancePolicy seeded(long id) {
+        return new AttendancePolicy(
+                id,
+                LocalDate.of(1970, 1, 1),
+                ZoneId.of("Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh"),
+                LocalTime.of(8, 30),
+                LocalTime.of(15, 30),
+                30,
+                30,
+                3,
+                new BigDecimal("0.25"),
+                Set.of(
+                        DayOfWeek.MONDAY,
+                        DayOfWeek.TUESDAY,
+                        DayOfWeek.WEDNESDAY,
+                        DayOfWeek.THURSDAY,
+                        DayOfWeek.FRIDAY));
+    }
+}

src/test/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/model/AttendancePolicyTest.java

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class AttendancePolicyTest {
 
     @Test
     void resolvesSeedPolicyForHistoricalAndCurrentDates() {
-        AttendancePolicy seeded = AttendancePolicy.seeded(1L);
+        AttendancePolicy seeded = AttendancePolicyFixtures.seeded(1L);
         AttendancePolicyTimeline timeline = new AttendancePolicyTimeline(Set.of(seeded));
 
         assertEquals(seeded, timeline.resolve(LocalDate.of(1970, 1, 1)));

src/test/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/model/entity/LeaveEntityFixtures.java

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.entity;
+
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+
+public final class LeaveEntityFixtures {
+
+    private LeaveEntityFixtures() {}
+
+    public static LeaveRequestEntity approvedRequest(
+            long internUserId,
+            LocalDate startDate,
+            LocalDate endDate,
+            Instant submittedAt,
+            Instant firstCountedStartAt,
+            long decidedByMentorUserId,
+            Instant decidedAt) {
+        return new LeaveRequestEntity(
+                internUserId,
+                startDate,
+                endDate,
+                "Attendance integration fixture",
+                submittedAt,
+                firstCountedStartAt,
+                decidedByMentorUserId,
+                decidedAt);
+    }
+
+    public static LeaveRequestDayEntity allocatedDay(
+            LeaveRequestEntity request,
+            LocalDate leaveDate,
+            AttendancePolicyEntity policy,
+            int monthlyQuotaSnapshot) {
+        return new LeaveRequestDayEntity(request, leaveDate, policy, monthlyQuotaSnapshot);
+    }
+}

src/test/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/service/AttendanceApplicationServiceTest.java

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.service;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
@@ -9,6 +10,7 @@ import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.account.service.AccountService;
 import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.exception.AttendanceException;
 import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.exception.AttendanceRejection;
 import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.AttendancePolicy;
+import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.AttendancePolicyFixtures;
 import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.AttendanceRecord;
 import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.dto.AttendanceCurrentState;
 import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.entity.AttendancePolicyEntity;
@@ -24,6 +26,8 @@ import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.springframework.dao.DataIntegrityViolationException;
+import org.springframework.orm.ObjectOptimisticLockingFailureException;
 
 class AttendanceApplicationServiceTest {
 
@@ -39,7 +43,7 @@ class AttendanceApplicationServiceTest {
     @BeforeEach
     void setUp() {
         AttendancePolicyEntity policyEntity = mock(AttendancePolicyEntity.class);
-        when(policyEntity.toDomain()).thenReturn(AttendancePolicy.seeded(1L));
+        when(policyEntity.toDomain()).thenReturn(AttendancePolicyFixtures.seeded(1L));
         when(policies.findAllByOrderByEffectiveFromAsc()).thenReturn(List.of(policyEntity));
         when(accounts.isEligibleIntern(INTERN_ID, WORK_DATE)).thenReturn(true);
         attendance = new AttendanceApplicationService(
@@ -74,14 +78,53 @@ class AttendanceApplicationServiceTest {
                                 .isEqualTo(AttendanceRejection.INACTIVE_INTERN));
     }
 
+    @Test
+    void rejectsCheckoutWhenInternIsNoLongerEligibleForPersistedWorkDate() {
+        AttendanceRecordEntity entity = entityFor(null);
+        when(records.findByInternUserIdAndWorkDate(INTERN_ID, WORK_DATE))
+                .thenReturn(Optional.of(entity));
+        when(accounts.isEligibleIntern(INTERN_ID, WORK_DATE)).thenReturn(false);
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> attendance.checkOut(INTERN_ID))
+                .isInstanceOfSatisfying(AttendanceException.class,
+                        exception -> assertThat(exception.rejection())
+                                .isEqualTo(AttendanceRejection.INACTIVE_INTERN));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void translatesConcurrentCheckInUniqueConflictToStableDuplicateRejection() {
+        when(records.findByInternUserIdAndWorkDate(INTERN_ID, WORK_DATE)).thenReturn(Optional.empty());
+        when(records.saveAndFlush(any(AttendanceRecordEntity.class)))
+                .thenThrow(new DataIntegrityViolationException("concurrent unique conflict"));
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> attendance.checkIn(INTERN_ID))
+                .isInstanceOfSatisfying(AttendanceException.class,
+                        exception -> assertThat(exception.rejection())
+                                .isEqualTo(AttendanceRejection.ALREADY_CHECKED_IN));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void translatesConcurrentCheckoutVersionConflictToStableDuplicateRejection() {
+        AttendanceRecordEntity entity = entityFor(null);
+        when(records.findByInternUserIdAndWorkDate(INTERN_ID, WORK_DATE)).thenReturn(Optional.of(entity));
+        when(records.saveAndFlush(entity))
+                .thenThrow(new ObjectOptimisticLockingFailureException(AttendanceRecordEntity.class, 1L));
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> attendance.checkOut(INTERN_ID))
+                .isInstanceOfSatisfying(AttendanceException.class,
+                        exception -> assertThat(exception.rejection())
+                                .isEqualTo(AttendanceRejection.ALREADY_CHECKED_OUT));
+    }
+
     private static AttendanceRecordEntity entityFor(Instant checkOutAt) {
         AttendanceRecordEntity entity = mock(AttendanceRecordEntity.class);
         when(entity.toDomain()).thenReturn(new AttendanceRecord(
                 INTERN_ID,
                 WORK_DATE,
-                AttendancePolicy.seeded(1L),
+                AttendancePolicyFixtures.seeded(1L),
                 NOW,
                 checkOutAt));
+        when(entity.workDate()).thenReturn(WORK_DATE);
         return entity;
     }
 }

src/test/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/service/AttendanceConcurrencyIntegrationTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+package com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.service;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.account.model.GlobalRole;
+import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.account.model.dto.CreateAccountCommand;
+import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.account.service.AccountService;
+import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.account.service.BootstrapService;
+import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.exception.AttendanceException;
+import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.exception.AttendanceRejection;
+import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.integration.model.SecurityMode;
+import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.integration.model.dto.SmtpDraft;
+import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.integration.service.SmtpConfigurationService;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
+import org.springframework.test.annotation.DirtiesContext;
+import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
+
+@Import(AttendancePersistenceIntegrationTest.IntegrationConfiguration.class)
+@SpringBootTest
+@ActiveProfiles("test")
+@DirtiesContext(classMode = DirtiesContext.ClassMode.AFTER_CLASS)
+class AttendanceConcurrencyIntegrationTest {
+
+    @Autowired
+    private AttendanceApplicationService attendance;
+
+    @Autowired
+    private BootstrapService bootstrap;
+
+    @Autowired
+    private AccountService accounts;
+
+    @Autowired
+    private SmtpConfigurationService smtp;
+
+    @Autowired
+    private AttendancePersistenceIntegrationTest.RecordingSmtpProbe mail;
+
+    @Autowired
+    private AttendancePersistenceIntegrationTest.MutableClock clock;
+
+    @Test
+    void concurrentDuplicatePunchesReturnStableDomainOutcomes() throws Exception {
+        long internId = createActiveIntern();
+
+        clock.set(Instant.parse("2026-08-14T02:00:00Z"));
+        assertThat(runConcurrently(() -> punchOutcome(() -> attendance.checkIn(internId))))
+                .containsExactlyInAnyOrder("SUCCESS", AttendanceRejection.ALREADY_CHECKED_IN.name());
+
+        clock.set(Instant.parse("2026-08-14T09:00:00Z"));
+        assertThat(runConcurrently(() -> punchOutcome(() -> attendance.checkOut(internId))))
+                .containsExactlyInAnyOrder("SUCCESS", AttendanceRejection.ALREADY_CHECKED_OUT.name());
+    }
+
+    private long createActiveIntern() {
+        bootstrap.bootstrap("concurrency-admin@example.test", "Admin", "correct horse battery staple");
+        long adminId = accounts.requireActiveAdminId("concurrency-admin@example.test");
+        long draftId = smtp.saveDraft(adminId, new SmtpDraft(
+                "mailpit",
+                1025,
+                SecurityMode.NONE,
+                null,
+                null,
+                "concurrency-admin@example.test",
+                "Lab Timesheet"));
+        smtp.testDraft(draftId, adminId, "concurrency-admin@example.test");
+        smtp.activate(draftId, adminId);
+        mail.clear();
+
+        var creation = accounts.create(new CreateAccountCommand(
+                "concurrency-intern@example.test",
+                "Concurrent Intern",
+                GlobalRole.INTERN,
+                "INT-CONCURRENT",
+                LocalDate.of(2026, 8, 1),
+                LocalDate.of(2026, 12, 31)), adminId);
+        assertThat(creation.deliverySucceeded()).isTrue();
+        assertThat(accounts.activate(mail.onlyActivationToken(), "new secure intern password")).isTrue();
+        accounts.activateInternship(creation.userId(), adminId);
+        return creation.userId();
+    }
+
+    private static String punchOutcome(Runnable punch) {
+        try {
+            punch.run();
+            return "SUCCESS";
+        } catch (AttendanceException rejection) {
+            return rejection.rejection().name();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static List<String> runConcurrently(Callable<String> action) throws Exception {
+        CountDownLatch ready = new CountDownLatch(2);
+        CountDownLatch start = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        try (ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2)) {
+            Callable<String> synchronizedAction = () -> {
+                ready.countDown();
+                start.await();
+                return action.call();
+            };
+            Future<String> first = executor.submit(synchronizedAction);
+            Future<String> second = executor.submit(synchronizedAction);
+            ready.await();
+            start.countDown();
+            return List.of(first.get(), second.get());
+        }
+    }
+}

src/test/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/service/AttendancePersistenceIntegrationTest.java

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.AttendanceActor;
 import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.AttendanceRole;
 import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.dto.AttendanceCurrentState;
 import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.dto.AttendanceHistoryItem;
+import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.entity.AttendancePolicyEntity;
+import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.entity.LeaveRequestEntity;
 import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.repository.AttendanceRecordRepository;
 import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.integration.model.SecurityMode;
 import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.integration.model.dto.SmtpConnection;
@@ -26,6 +28,7 @@ import java.time.ZoneId;
 import java.time.ZoneOffset;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
+import jakarta.persistence.EntityManager;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
@@ -40,6 +43,8 @@ import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
 import org.testcontainers.postgresql.PostgreSQLContainer;
 import org.testcontainers.utility.DockerImageName;
+import static com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.entity.LeaveEntityFixtures.allocatedDay;
+import static com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.entity.LeaveEntityFixtures.approvedRequest;
 
 @Import(AttendancePersistenceIntegrationTest.IntegrationConfiguration.class)
 @SpringBootTest
@@ -71,6 +76,9 @@ class AttendancePersistenceIntegrationTest {
     @Autowired
     private AttendanceRecordRepository records;
 
+    @Autowired
+    private EntityManager entityManager;
+
     @Autowired
     private MutableClock clock;
 
@@ -141,6 +149,38 @@ class AttendancePersistenceIntegrationTest {
         assertThat(item.violations().missingCheckout()).isFalse();
     }
 
+    @Test
+    void approvedLeaveBlocksOnlyItsFrozenAllocatedDates() {
+        LocalDate unallocatedDate = LocalDate.of(2026, 8, 14);
+        LocalDate allocatedDate = LocalDate.of(2026, 8, 17);
+        LeaveRequestEntity request = approvedRequest(
+                internId,
+                unallocatedDate,
+                allocatedDate,
+                Instant.parse("2026-08-13T00:00:00Z"),
+                Instant.parse("2026-08-14T01:30:00Z"),
+                adminId,
+                Instant.parse("2026-08-13T00:30:00Z"));
+        entityManager.persist(request);
+        entityManager.flush();
+        entityManager.persist(allocatedDay(
+                request,
+                allocatedDate,
+                entityManager.getReference(AttendancePolicyEntity.class, 1L),
+                3));
+        entityManager.flush();
+
+        clock.set(Instant.parse("2026-08-14T02:00:00Z"));
+        attendance.checkIn(internId);
+        assertThat(records.findByInternUserIdAndWorkDate(internId, unallocatedDate)).isPresent();
+
+        clock.set(Instant.parse("2026-08-17T02:00:00Z"));
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> attendance.checkIn(internId))
+                .isInstanceOfSatisfying(AttendanceException.class,
+                        exception -> assertThat(exception.rejection())
+                                .isEqualTo(com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.exception.AttendanceRejection.APPROVED_LEAVE));
+    }
+
     @Test
     void calendarDayOffBlocksCheckInAndPastEventsAreImmutable() {
         AttendanceActor admin = new AttendanceActor(adminId, AttendanceRole.ADMIN);

src/test/java/com/lab/labtimesheet/feature/attendance/service/AttendanceServiceTest.java

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.exception.AttendanceException;
 import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.exception.AttendanceRejection;
 import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.AttendanceDayContext;
 import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.AttendancePolicy;
+import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.AttendancePolicyFixtures;
 import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.AttendanceRecord;
 import com.lab.labtimesheet.feature.attendance.model.AttendanceViolations;
 import java.math.BigDecimal;
@@ -158,7 +159,7 @@ class AttendanceServiceTest {
     }
 
     private static AttendancePolicy seededPolicy() {
-        return AttendancePolicy.seeded(1L);
+        return AttendancePolicyFixtures.seeded(1L);
     }
 
     private static AttendancePolicy policy(int checkoutGraceMinutes, Set<DayOfWeek> workdays) {